Thomas Stephen Formal Semantics · TCD

Fellow in Linguistics — Trinity College Dublin

Thomas
Stephen

Formal semanticist working on the meaning of clauses, the syntax–semantics interface, and where grammar meets thought.

Thomas Stephen
Thomas StephenDublin, IE
01

AboutBio & research focus

I completed my PhD in Linguistics at the University of Edinburgh in 2023, under the supervision of Robert Truswell, Bryan Pickel, and Wataru Uegaki. Before taking up a fellowship at Trinity College Dublin, I was a Lecturer in Semantics at Queen Mary University of London.

My work focuses on formal semantics, with particular attention to the syntax–semantics interface, the connections between linguistic theory and philosophy of language, and the relationship between grammar and cognition. I explore the semantics of finite clausal embedding and argument structure, aiming to give a unified explanation of their entailment patterns and alternations.

I am developing DACE (the Dictionary of Alternations in Clause Embedding), an online resource mapping the alternation patterns of clause-embedding predicates, initially with a focus on English.

I am also currently interested in the mechanistic interpretation of LLMs and, together with Fausto Carcassi, in the evolution of compositionality in natural languages.

Sometimes I walk up tall hills.

Research keywords

Formal semantics Clausal embedding Syntax–semantics interface Philosophy of language Argument structure Compositionality Grammar & cognition

Doctoral supervision

R. Truswell B. Pickel W. Uegaki
In the hills
Sometimes I walk up tall hills.off the clock
02

ResearchCurrent projects

My research gives a formally explicit account of how clauses contribute to meaning — joining the syntax–semantics interface to the philosophy of language and the study of cognition.

→ 01

DACE

The Dictionary of Alternations in Clause Embedding — an online resource mapping the alternation patterns of clause-embedding predicates, beginning with English.

In development · Online resource
→ 02

Clausal embedding

A unified account of the entailment patterns and alternations of finite clausal embedding and argument structure at the syntax–semantics interface.

Ongoing · Core programme
→ 03

Evolution of compositionality

With Fausto Carcassi — explaining the observed inventory of composition operations in natural language and the universals that constrain it.

Collaboration · F. Carcassi
→ 04

Mechanistic interpretation of LLMs

Bringing tools from formal semantics to bear on how large language models internally represent and compose meaning.

Emerging interest
03

TeachingCourses, summer school & supervision

Trinity College DublinCurrent
Undergraduate
  • Semantics I
  • Semantics II
  • Semantics III
  • Pragmatics I
  • Pragmatics II
Postgraduate
  • Linguistic Pragmatics
  • Describing Meaning
11-Week In-depth
  • Scalar Implicature
  • Presuppositions
  • Model Theory & Indirect Semantics
  • Modality
Queen Mary, LondonLecturer in Semantics
Undergraduate
  • Introduction to Semantics
  • Syntax II
  • Meaning in the Real World
Postgraduate
  • Formal Semantics
  • Research Practicum
University of EdinburghLecturer & Tutor
UG — as Lecturer
  • Logic 1
  • Puzzles and Paradoxes
UG — as Tutor
  • Logic 1
  • Mind, Matter, and Language
  • LEL 1A
  • LEL 1B
PG — as Tutor
  • Introduction to Syntax
  • Semantic Theory
Summer School · ESSLLI 2026

The Function of Composition

37th European Summer School in Logic, Language & Information · Prague 2026 · with Fausto Carcassi

An introduction to the formal tools and theoretical background for formulating and addressing questions about universals of the composition function in natural language — surveying the empirical landscape, describing composition as a single operation on meanings, introducing richer type theories, and formulating universals that constrain the observed variation (function application, type shifting, predicate modification, event identification, restriction, and intensional variants).

Supervision

Joshua BovinClasses of Clause Embedding Predicates
MA · QMUL · 2024
Stefan PavlovicFrom Crisis to Convergence: Minimalist Syntax and the Search for a Neurolinguistic Linking Hypothesis
MPhil · TCD · 2025
Mengzhu LiangPragmatic Functions and Stance Orientations of the Sentence-Final Particles ha and sai in Southwestern Mandarin
MPhil · TCD · 2025
Zeqi ShanFrom Syntax to Semantics: ChatGPT and Deepseek's Explanation Styles on CEFR-Leveled Chinese Learner Sentences
MPhil · TCD · in progress
Thalia TranA Corpus Analysis of the Manifestos of Violent "Incels" and Leaders of Destructive Cults
MPhil · TCD · in progress
04

ResourcesTeaching materials & demos

Classroom game · PDF

A Game for Modal Logics

A game for building intuitions about necessity, possibility, and the accessibility relations between possible worlds — used in Semantics III.

Open PDF
modal-logic-game.pdf
05

Talks & PresentationsSelected, reverse chronological

2026
Nominal and Clausal RelationshipsThe Nature and Objects of Thought and Assertion
University of Glasgow
2025
4th Intl. Conference on Formal Approaches to Meaning in ChineseA Compositional Analysis of Mandarin Chinese Experiential Marker -Guowith Nan Wang & Fausto Carcassi
University of Hong Kong
2025
Philosophy Colloquium SeriesWhy Propositional Attitude Reports are neither Propositional, Attitudes, nor Reports
University of Alberta
2025
TRISS Seminar SeriesHow (not) to embed a clause: Evidence from semantic puzzles
Trinity College Dublin
2024
London Semantics DayThe Communicative Factive Gap and the Landscape of Clausal Embedding
University of London
2023
Syntax and Semantics Research GroupIdentity and Content for CPs in Copulars and Appositions
Queen Mary, London
2023
Language LunchTwo Pathways for Composition of Clauses
Queen Mary, London
2023
Philosophy WiPWhat do we think? Propositional Objects and Strategies for Clausal Embedding
University of Edinburgh
2022
Edinburgh Meaning Sciences GroupTwo Strategies for Composing CPs in English: Restriction and Saturation for Propositions and Facts
University of Edinburgh
2020
Philosophy WiPPropositional Attitudes without Propositions
University of Edinburgh
2019
London Semantics SymposiumThe semantics of embedded wh-questions
University College London
2019
Sem Circle ConferenceCategorising Content Nouns: Semantic and Syntactic Classes
University of Edinburgh
2018
London Semantics Day'Explain'ing Clausal and Nominal Complementation
Queen Mary, London
2018
Sem Circle PhD TalksEntailment Patterns with Clause Embedding Verbs
University of Edinburgh
2018
Edinburgh Graduate Conference in LinguisticsExplaining 'Explain'
University of Edinburgh
2015
Durham Undergraduate Philosophy ConferenceTruth Value Gaps and Truth Eliminativism
Durham University

Research assistant

  • University of Göttingen
  • Norwegian University of Science & Technology

Reviewer

  • Oxford University Press
  • Amsterdam Colloquium
  • Western Canadian Philosophy Association
06

Curriculum VitaeFull academic record

A complete record of education, positions, teaching, and presentations.

Download CV
Your browser can't preview PDFs inline. Open the CV ↗
07

ContactGet in touch

tmurrays@tcd.ie

School of Linguistic, Speech & Communication Sciences, Trinity College Dublin.